Antisocial Behaviour and Aggression Among Maladjusted Adolescents Who Do Not Show Behavioural Deficits

Sławomir Sobczak, Tamara Zacharuk

Abstract


The aim of the research was to determine differences due to adjustment, gender and dependencies between antisocial behaviours and aggression. The research was conducted on a sample of 200 adolescents who were maladjusted and did not show deficits in social functioning. Two research tools were used for the analysis: Self-Report Delinquency Scale and the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, translated into Polish. Research has shown that the level of adolescents’ social adaptation affects both anti-social behaviour and aggression, which means that social maladjustment is characterised both by a high frequency of antisocial behaviour and high degree of aggression. These phenomena occur irrespective of gender – both young women and men who are socially maladjusted are characterised by the same spectrum of derailment and aggression, i.e. gender does not affect the symptoms of maladjustment that were studied. The analyses show that the higher degree of aggression manifested by adolescents, the more intensified anti-social behaviour is. On the basis of curve estimation, it can be stated that regardless of the degree of aggression, adolescents may display antisocial behaviour and aggression syndrome will only increase the antisocial behaviour rate in 40% of cases, while the remaining 60% of the adolescent social derailment can be explained by factors other than aggression.


Keywords


maladjustment; anti-social behaviour; aggression; adolescents

Full Text:

PDF (Język Polski)

References


Achenbach, T.M. (1990). Young Adult Self-Report. Burlington: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry.

Agnew, R. (1985). A revised strain theory of delinquency. Social Forces, 64(1), 151–167. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2578977

Agnew, R. (1989). A longitudinal test of the revised strain theory. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 5, 373–387. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01062560

Agnew, R. (1990). The origins of delinquent events: An examination of offender accounts. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 27(3), 267–294. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427890027003004

Agnew, R. (1992). Foundation for a general strain theory of crime and delinquency. Criminology, 30(1), 47–88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1992.tb01093.x

Agnew, R. (2006). Pressured into Crime: An Overview of General Strain Theory. Los Angeles: Roxbury Publishing Company.

Anderson, C.A., Bushman, B.J. (2002). Human aggression. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 27–51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135231

Aranowska, E., Rytel, J. (2011). Psychometrical properties of the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire. W: J.F. Terelak, Z. Majchrzyk (eds.), Psychology of Aggression: Selected Issues (s. 217–243). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo UKSW.

Aranowska, E., Rytel, J. (2012). Struktura czynnikowa kwestionariusza agresji Bussa i Perry’ego (BPQA) w populacji polskiej. Studia Psychologica, 12(2), 135–151.

Aranowska, E., Rytel, J., Szymańska, A. (2015). Kwestionariusz Agresji Bussa-Perry’ego. Trafność, rzetelność i normy. Warszawa: Instytut Amity.

Archer, J. (2004). Sex Differences in Aggression in Real-World Settings: A Meta-Analytic Review. Review of General Psychology, 8(4), 291–322. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.8.4.291

Archer, J., Benson, D. (2008). Physical aggression as a function of perceived fighting ability and provocation: An experimental investigation. Aggressive Behavior, 34(1), 9–24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.20179

Bandura, A. (1973). Aggression: A Social Learning Theory Analysis. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.

Berkowitz, L. (1982). Aversive conditions as stimuli to aggression. W: L. Berkowitz (ed.), Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (Vol. 15; s. 248–288). New York: Academic Press.

Berkowitz, L. (1989). Frustration-aggression hypothesis: Examination and reformulation. Psychological Bulletin, 106(1), 59–73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.106.1.59

Bettencourt, B.A., Talley, A., Benjamin, A.J., Valentine, J. (2006). Personality and aggressive behavior under provoking and neutral conditions: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 132(5), 751–777. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.132.5.751

Biela, K. (2011). Rozwój agresji u dzieci w kierunku niedostosowania społecznego. W: K. Biela, J. Kusztal (red.), Dziecko zagrożone wykluczeniem. Elementy diagnozy, działania profilaktyczne i pomocowe (s. 75–102). Kraków: Ignatianum.

Brodsky, S.L., O’Neal Smitherman, H. (2014). Handbook of Scales for Research in Crime and Delinquency. New York: Springer.

Buss, A.H. (1961). Psychology of Aggression. New York: Wiley.

Buss, A.H. (1986). Social Behavior and Personality. London – New York: Psychology Press, Taylor & Francis Group.

Buss, A.H., Perry, M. (1992). The aggression questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(3), 452–459. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.63.3.452

Card, N.A., Little, T.D. (2007). Differential relations of instrumental and reactive aggression with maladjustment: Does adaptivity depend on function? W: P.H. Hawley, T.D. Little, P.C. Rodkin (eds.), Aggression and Adaptation: The Bright Side to Bad Behaviour (s. 107–134). London: Routledge.

Czerwińska-Jakimiuk, E. (2011). Przestępczość młodocianych. Interpretacja zjawiska w świetle ogólnej teorii napięcia Roberta Agnew. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Pedagogicznego.

Czerwińska-Jakimiuk, E. (2016). Relacje pomiędzy nieprzystosowaniem społecznym a agresywnością, poczuciem napięcia oraz samoskutecznością w grupie uczniów w wieku dorastania. Rocznik Komisji Nauk Pedagogicznych, 59, 51–62.

Elliot, D.S., Huizinga, D., Ageton, S.S. (1985). The Self-Reported Delinquency. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 64–105.

Fite, J.E., Goodnight, J.A., Bates, J.E., Dodge, K.A., Pettit, G.S. (2008). Adolescent aggression and social cognition in the context of personality: impulsivity as a moderator of predictions from social information processing. Aggressive Behavior, 34(5), 511–520. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.20263

Fite, P.J., Raine, A., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., Loeber, R., Pardini, D.A. (2010). Reactive and Proactive Aggression in Adolescent Males: Examining Differential Outcomes 10 Years Later in Early Adulthood. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 37(2), 141–157. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854809353051

Forrest, S., Eatough, V., Shevlin, M. (2005). Measuring adult indirect aggression: The development and psychometric assessment of the indirect aggression scales. Aggressive Behavior, 31, 84–97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.20074

Gerard, J.M., Buehler, C. (2004). Cumulative Environmental Risk and Youth Maladjustment: The Role of Youth Attributes. Child Development, 75(6), 1832–1849. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00820.x

Gierowski, J.K. (2009). Relacje między płcią psychologiczną na tle czynników ryzyka przemocy u nieletnich dziewcząt i chłopców. W: B. Gulla, M. Wysocka-Leczyk (red.), Przestępczość nieletnich (s. 37–50). Kraków: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego.

Hirschi, T. (1969). Causes of Delinquency. Los Angeles – London: Press Berkeley. University of California.

Hołyst, B. (2009). Kryminologia. Warszawa: Lexis Nexis.

Hołyst, B. (2018). Psychologia kryminalistyczna. Diagnoza i praktyka. Warszawa: Difin.

Kelley, H.H. (1983). The situational origin of human tendencies: A further reason for the formal analysis of structures. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 9(1), 8–30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167283091003

Kinas-Zalewska, A. (2013). GST – ogólna teoria napięcia a nieletni sprawcy przestępstw seksualnych. Przegląd Badań Edukacyjnych, 2(17), 151–165. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12775/PBE.2013.017

Konopka, K., Frączak, A. (2013). Płeć psychologiczna a gotowość do agresji interpersonalnej u kobiet i mężczyzn. Polskie Forum Psychologiczne, 1(18), 65–80.

Konopnicki, J. (1971). Niedostosowanie społeczne. Warszawa: PWN.

Krahé, B. (2005). Agresja. Gdańsk: GWP.

Le Blanc, M. (1983). Une théorie intégrative de la conduite délinquante. Université de Montréal. Annales de Vaucresson, 20, 1–33.

Le Blanc, M. (1994). La conduite délinquante des adolescents et ses facteurs explicatifs. W: D. Szabo, M. Leblanc (eds.), Traité de criminologie empirique (s. 49–89). Montréal: PUM.

Le Blanc, M. (1997). Identification of potential juvénile offenders. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 5(2), 9–32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02677605

Lier, P. van, Vitaro, F., Eisner, M. (2007). Preventing Aggressive and Violent Behavior: Using Prevention Programs to Study the Role of Peer Dynamics in Maladjustment Problems. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 13, 277–296. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10610-007-9054-3

Lindsay, J.L., Anderson, C.A. (2000). From antecedent conditions to violent actions: A general affective aggression model. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(5), 533–547. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167200267002

Loeber, R., Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (1998). Development of juvenile aggression and violence: Some common misconceptions and controversies. American Psychologist, 53(2), 242–259. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.53.2.242

Marcus-Newhall, A., Pedersen, W.C., Carlson, M., Miller, N. (2000). Displaced aggression is alive and well: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(4), 670–689. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.78.4.670

Matza, D. (1964). Delinquency and Drift. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

Orobio de Castro, B., Veerman, J.W., Koops, W., Bosch, J.D., Monshouwer, H.J. (2002). Hostile attribution of intent and aggressive behavior: A meta-analysis. Child Development, 73(3), 916–934. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00447

Ostrowska, K. (1981). Psychologiczne determinanty przestępczości młodocianych. Analiza kryminologiczna. Warszawa: PWN.

Pechorro, P., Houghton S., Simões, M.R., Carroll, A. (2019). The Adapted Self-Report Delinquency Scale for Adolescents: Validity and Reliability Among Portuguese Youths. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 63(6), 837–853. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X18811595

Pope, A.W., Bierman, K.L. (1999). Predicting adolescent peer problems and antisocial activities: The relative roles of aggression and dysregulation. Developmental Psychology, 35(2), 335–346. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.35.2.335

Pytka, L. (1984). Skala Nieprzystosowania Społecznego. Podręcznik. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo RiTV.

Pytka, L. (1986). Teoretyczne problemy diagnozy w wychowaniu resocjalizującym. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego.

Pytka, L. (2005). Pedagogika resocjalizacyjna. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo APS.

Pytka, L. (2007). Różne ujęcia definicji resocjalizacji. W: B. Urban, J.M. Stanik (red.), Resocjalizacja (T. 1; s. 73–76). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo PWN.

Pytka, L., Zacharuk, T. (1998). Zaburzenia przystosowania społecznego dzieci i młodzieży. Aspekty diagnostyczne i terapeutyczne. Siedlce: Wydawnictwo Wyższej Szkoły Rolniczo-Pedagogicznej.

Radochoński, M. (2009). Osobowość antyspołeczna. Rzeszów: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego.

Reckless, W. (1967). The Crime Problems. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.

Rotter, J.B. (1975). Same problems and misconceptions related to the construct of internal versus external control of reinforcement. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 43(1), 56–67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/h0076301

Shackman, J.E., Pollak, S.D. (2014). Impact of physical maltreatment on the regulation of negative affect and aggression. Development and Psychopathology, 26(4pt1), 1021–1033. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579414000546

Sobczak, S. (2009). Aksjologia i teleologia pedagogiki resocjalizacyjnej. Warszawa: Pedagogium.

Southwick, S.M., Bonanno, G.A., Masten, A.S., Panter-Brick, C., Yehuda, R. (2014). Resilience definitions, theory, and challenges: interdisciplinary perspectives. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 5(1), 25338. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v5.25338

Stott, D.H. (1950). Delinquency and Human Nature. Oxford: Carnegie United Kingdom Trust.

Stott, D.H. (1960). Delinquency, Maladjustment and unfavourable ecology. British Journal of Psychology, 51(2), 157–170. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1960.tb00736.x

Straus, M. (1991). Discipline and deviance: Physical punishment of children and violence and other crimes in adulthood. Social Problems, 38(2), 133–154. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/800524

Thornberry, T.P., Krohn, M.D. (2000). The self-report method for measuring delinquency and crime. W: D. Duffee, R. Crutchfield, S. Mastrofski, L. Mazerolle, D. McDowall (eds.), Criminal Justice 2000 (Vol. 4; s. 33–83). Washington: National Institute of Justice.

Toeplitz-Winiewska, M., Winiewski, M. (2012). Czy dziewczęta stają się coraz bardziej agresywne? Próba meta-analizy badań z lat 1997–2011. W: H.J. Grzegołowska-Klarkowska (red.), Agresja, socjalizacja, edukacja (s. 117–132). Warszawa: APS.

Tucholska, S. (1998). Pomiar agresji: Kwestionariusz Agresji A. Bussa i M. Perry’ego. Studia z psychologii w KUL, 9, 369–378.

Turlej, S. (1981). Młodzież społecznie niedostosowana. Warszawa: WSiP.

Underwood, M.K., Beron, K.J., Rosen, L.H. (2011). Joint trajectories for social and physical aggression as predictors of adolescent maladjustment: internalizing symptoms, rule-breaking behaviors, and borderline and narcissistic personality features. Development and Psychopathology, 23(2), 659–678. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S095457941100023X

Urban, B. (2000). Zaburzenia w zachowaniu i przestępczość młodzieży. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego.

Wolińska J.M. (2000). Agresywność młodzieży. Problem indywidualny i społeczny. Lublin: Wydawnictwo UMCS.

Wysocka, E. (2018). Diagnoza w resocjalizacji. Warszawa: PWN.

Zillman, D. (1979). Hostility and Aggression. Hillsdale – New York: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Zimbardo, P. (2008). Efekt Lucyfera. Dlaczego dobrzy ludzie czynią zło? Warszawa: PWN.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/j.2020.33.4.263-290
Date of publication: 2021-01-25 12:17:32
Date of submission: 2019-06-10 17:10:53


Statistics


Total abstract view - 4984
Downloads (from 2020-06-17) - PDF (Język Polski) - 5611

Indicators



Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2021 Sławomir Sobczak, Tamara Zacharuk

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.