Ukryj
Pokaż wszystkie
Wyślij tekst przez e-mail Prawo do (zdrowego) środowiska – jak je lepiej zrealizować? Pozytywne przykłady z praktyki węgierskiego Trybunału Konstytucyjnego
Streszczenie w języku polskim
W opracowaniu omówiono sposób, w jaki prawo do zdrowego środowiska oraz wspierające je zasady weszły do praktyki węgierskiego Trybunału Konstytucyjnego w okresie ostatnich 30 lat. Artykuł rozpoczyna się od krótkiego przeglądu rozwoju ustawodawstwa, obejmującego omówienie wykładni konstytucyjnej, począwszy od zasady niecofania się, wraz z testem konieczności i proporcjonalności, oraz równolegle z nimi potrzeby nadania życia prawom konstytucyjnym, a mianowicie ich zinstytucjonalizowania. Następnie mogło zostać włączone do praktyki sądowej podejście ostrożnościowe oraz interes przyszłych pokoleń, a nawet doktryna zaufania publicznego. Mimo że podstawy teoretyczne i konstytucyjne są niezbędne, to w istocie bardziej liczą się konsekwencje instytucjonalne i realizacja w praktyce. Jeśli warunki te są jasne, może to ułatwić dalsze działania.
Słowa kluczowe
Pełny tekst:
PDF (English)Bibliografia
LITERATURE
Bándi G., The Hungarian Ombudsman for Future Generations, “P.A. Persona e Amministrazione: Ricerche Giuridiche sull’Amministrazione e l’Economia” 2022, vol. 9(2).
Brunnée J., Common Areas, Common Heritage, and Common Concern, [in:] The Oxford Handbook of International Environmental Law, eds. D. Bodansky, J. Brunnée, E. Hey, Oxford 2008, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199552153.013.0023.
Engle E., The History of the General Principle of Proportionality: An Overview, “Dartmouth Law Journal” 2012, vol. 10(1).
Gardos-Orosz F., Zakariás K. (eds.), The Main Lines of the Jurisprudence of the Hungarian Constitutional Court: 30 Case Studies from the 30 years of the Constitutional Court (1990 to 2020), Baden-Baden 2022, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748929826.
Halmai G., The Fundamental Law of Hungary and the European Constitutional Values, “DPCE online” 2019, vol. 39(2).
Halmai G., The Reform of Constitutional Law in Hungary after the Transition, “Legal Studies” 1998, vol. 18(2), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121X.1998.tb00012.x.
Hörcher F., Lorman T. (eds.), A History of the Hungarian Constitution: Law, Government and Political Culture in Central Europe, London 2018.
Kecskés G., The Hungarian Constitutional Court’s Decision on the Protection of Groundwater: Decision No. 13/2018. (IX. 4.) AB of the Constitutional Court of Hungary, “Hungarian Yearbook of International Law and European Law” 2020, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5553/HYIEL/266627012020008001022.
Pánovics A., The Hungarian Constitutional Court’s Decision on the Protection of Forests: Decision No. 14/2020. (VII. 6.) AB of the Constitutional Court of Hungary, “Hungarian Yearbook of International Law and European Law” 2021, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5553/HYIEL/266627012021009001021.
Ristroph A., Proportionality as a Principle of Limited Government, “Duke Law Journal” 2005, vol. 55.
Sadeleer N. de, The Principles of Prevention and Precaution in International Law: Two Heads of the Same Coin?, [in:] Research Handbook on International Environmental Law, eds. M. Fitzmaurice, D. Ong, P. Merkouris, Cheltenham 2010, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781849807265.00017.
Sulyok K., The Public Trust Doctrine, the Non-Derogation Principle and the Protection of Future Generations: The Hungarian Constitutional Court’s Review of the Forest Act, “Hungarian Yearbook of International Law and European Law” 2021, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5553/HYIEL/266627012021009001020.
Tushnet M.V., Fleiner T., Saunders C. (eds.), Routledge Handbook of Constitutional Law, London 2012, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203072578.
Varga A.Zs., Patyi A., Schanda B. (eds.), The Basic (Fundamental) Law of Hungary: A Commentary of the New Hungarian Constitution, Dublin 2015.
Weiss E.B., In Fairness to Future Generations: International Law, Common Patrimony, and Intergenerational Equity, New York 1989.
Weiss E.B., In Fairness to Future Generations and Sustainable Development, “American University International Law Review” 1992, vol. 8(1).
ONLINE SOURCES
Group of Experts, Draft Global Pact for the Environment, https://globalpactenvironment.org/uploads/EN.pdf (access: 10.11.2024).
Parliamentary Assembly, Drafting an Additional Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights Concerning the Right to a Healthy Environment, 11.9.2009, http://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/Xref-XML2HTML-en.asp?fileid=12279〈=en (access: 10.11.2024).
The Holy Father Francis, Encyclical Letter Laudato Si’: On Care for Our Common Home, https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/encyclicals/documents/papa-francesco_20150524_enciclica-laudato-si.html (access: 10.11.2024).
UNAP, Act II of 1976 on the Protection of the Human Environment, 1976, https://leap.unep.org/countries/hu/national-legislation/act-ii-1976-protection-human-environment (access: 10.11.2024).
UNAP, Environmental Law Guidelines and Principles: Stockholm Declaration, 16.6.1972, https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/29567/ELGP1StockD.pdf (access: 10.11.2024).
UNESCO, Declaration on the Responsibilities of the Present Generations Towards Future Generations, 12.11.1997, https://en.unesco.org/about-us/legal-affairs/declaration-responsibilities-present-generations-towards-future-generations (access: 10.11.2024).
United Nations, UN Conference on the Human Environment, 5–16.6.1972, Stockholm, https://www.un.org/en/conferences/environment/stockholm1972 (access: 10.11.2024).
United Nations, General Assembly, Our Common Agenda Policy Brief 1: To Think and Act for Future Generations, A/77/CRP.1, 7.2.2023, https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/4004913/files/A_77_CRP.1-EN.pdf (access: 10.11.2024).
United Nations, General Assembly, Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3–14.6.1992, Annex I: Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, A/CONF.151/26 (Vol. I), 12.8.1992, https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/generalassembly/docs/globalcompact/A_CONF.151_26_Vol.I_Declaration.pdf (access: 10.11.2024).
United Nations, General Assembly, Right to a Healthy Environment: Good Practices. Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Issue of Human Rights Obligations Relating to the Enjoyment of a Safe, Clean, Healthy and Sustainable Environment, A/HRC/43/53, 30.12.2019, https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/g19/355/14/pdf/g1935514.pdf (access: 10.11.2024).
United Nations, General Assembly, World Charter for Nature, A/RES/37/7, 28.10.1982, https://ejcj.orfaleacenter.ucsb.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/1982.-UN-World-Charter-for-Nature-1982.pdf (access: 10.11.2024).
Wikisource, Constitution of the Republic of Hungary (1989), https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_Hungary_(1989) (access: 10.11.2024).
MISCELLANEOUS
UNHCR, Report: General Comment No. 36 (2018) on Article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, on the Right to Life, 30.10.2018.
World Congress on Justice, Governance and Law for Environmental Sustainability, Second Preparatory Meeting, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 23–24 April 2012, Issue Brief no. 3.
LEGAL ACTS
Declaration of the Council of the European Communities and of the representatives of the Governments of the Member States meeting in the Council of 22 November 1973 on the programme of action of the European Communities on the environment (OJ C 112/1, 20.12.1973).
Fundamental Law of Hungary (25 April 2011).
CASE LAW
Decision of the HCC No. 1007/B/1994/12 AB.
Decision of the HCC No. 28/1994 (V. 20.) AB.
Decision of the HCC No. 27/1995 (V. 15.) AB.
Decision of the HCC No. 48/1997 (X. 6.) AB.
Decision of the HCC No. 48/1998 (XI. 23.) AB.
Decision of the HCC No. 30/2000 (X. 11.) AB.
Decision of the HCC No. 106/2007 (XII. 20.) AB.
Decision of the HCC No. 3068/2013 (III. 14.) AB.
Decision of the HCC No. 13/2013 (VI. 17.) AB.
Decision of the HCC No. 16/2015 (VI. 5.) AB.
Decision of the HCC No. 3114/2016 (VI. 10.) AB.
Decision of the HCC No. 3104/2017 (V. 8.) AB.
Decision of the HCC No. 3223/2017 (IX. 25.) AB.
Decision of the HCC No. 28/2017 (X. 25.) AB.
Decision of the HCC No. 13/2018 (IX. 4.) AB.
Decision of the HCC No. 17/2018 (X. 10.) AB.
Decision of the HCC No. 4/2019 (III. 7.) AB.
Decision of the HCC No. 3196/2020 (VI. 11.) AB.
Decision of the HCC No. 14/2020 (VII. 6.) AB.
Decision of the HCC No. 5/2022 (IV. 14.) AB.
Decision of the HCC No. 8/2022 (V. 25.) AB.
Decision of the HCC No. 16/2022 (VII. 14.) AB.
Judgment of the Court of 14 July 1983, case 174/82, Criminal proceedings v Sandoz BV, ECLI:EU:C:1983:213.
Judgment of the Court of 5 May 1998, case C-157/96, The Queen v Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food and Commissioners of Customs & Excise, ex parte National Farmers’ Union and Others, ECLI:EU:C:1998:191.
Judgment of the Court 5 May 1998, case C-180/96, United Kingdom v Commission, ECLI:EU:C:1998:192.
Judgment of the Court of First Instance of 11 September 2002, case T-13/99, Pfizer Animal Health v Council of the European Union, ECLI:EU:T:2002:209.
Judgment of the Court of 9 September 2003, case C-236/01, Monsanto Agricoltura Italia and Others, ECLI:EU:C:2003:431.
Judgment of the Court of 23 September 2003, case C-192/01, Commission of the European Communities v Kingdom of Denmark, ECLI:EU:C:2003:492.
Judgment of the Court of 7 September 2004, case C-127/02, Waddenvereniging and Vogelsbeschermingvereniging, ECLI:EU:C:2004:482.
Judgment of the Court of 26 May 2005, case C-132/03, Codacons and Federconsumatori, ECLI:EU:C:2005:310.
Judgment of the Court (Third Chamber) of 12 January 2006, case C-504/04, Agrarproduktion Staebelow, ECLI:EU:C:2006:30.
Judgment of the Court of First Instance of 9 September 2008, case T‑75/06, Bayer CropScience AG et al. v Commission of the European Communities, ECLI:EU:T:2008:317.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2024.33.4.163-187
Data publikacji: 2024-12-23 16:38:36
Data złożenia artykułu: 2023-05-01 15:45:33
Statystyki
Wskaźniki
Odwołania zewnętrzne
- Brak odwołań zewnętrznych
Prawa autorskie (c) 2024 Gyula Bándi, Ágnes Kovács Tahyné
Powyższa praca jest udostępniana na lcencji Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.