Ukryj
Pokaż wszystkie
Wyślij tekst przez e-mail Prawo człowieka do pracy i sztuczna inteligencja o cechach ludzkich w miejscu pracy. Bezrobocie technologiczne jako kwestia prawna i etyczna
Streszczenie w języku polskim
W niniejszym artykule rozważono różne scenariusze, które mogą się zrealizować po pojawieniu się sztucznej inteligencji podobnej do ludzkiej. Autor twierdzi w szczególności, że bezrobocie technologiczne (i ogólnie bezrobocie przymusowe) nie powinno być postrzegane wyłącznie jako kwestia techniczna należąca do dyskursu ekonomicznego. Bezrobocie technologiczne należy również postrzegać jako kwestię etyczną i prawną, ponieważ teoria, która powierza alokację zasobów i miejsc pracy wyłącznie prawu podaży i popytu, jest wyraźnie sprzeczna z Powszechną Deklaracją Praw Człowieka oraz różnymi kartami konstytucyjnymi i przepisami prawa powszechnego. Akty te stanowią, że praca nie jest jedynie szansą, którą mogą wykorzystać kompetentne osoby, lecz podstawowym prawem człowieka.
Słowa kluczowe
Pełny tekst:
PDF (English)Bibliografia
LITERATURE
Acemoglu D., Restrepo P., Artificial Intelligence, Automation and Work, “NBER Working Paper” 2018, no. 24196, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3386/w24196.
Allen M., Ainley P., Lost Generation? New Strategies for Youth and Education, London–New York 2010.
Autor D.H., Why Are There Still So Many Jobs? The History and Future of Workplace Automation, “Journal of Economic Perspectives” 2015, vol. 29(3), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.29.3.3.
Beker V.A., Rethinking Macroeconomics in the Light of the US Financial Crisis, “Real-World Economics Review” 2012, vol. 60.
Bix A.S., Inventing Ourselves Out of Jobs? America’s Debate Over Technological Unemployment, 1929–1981, Baltimore 2002.
Brinton M.C., Lost in Transition: Youth, Work, and Instability in Postindustrial Japan, Cambridge 2011.
Brinton M.C., Social Class and Economic Life Chances in Post-Industrial Japan: The “Lost Generation”, [in:] Social Class in Contemporary Japan: Structures, Sorting and Strategies, eds. H. Ishida, D.H. Slater, London 2009.
Brynjolfsson E., McAfee A., Race Against the Machine: How the Digital Revolution Is Accelerating Innovation, Driving Productivity, and Irreversibly Transforming Employment and the Economy, Lexington 2011.
Brynjolfsson E., McAfee A., The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies, New York 2014.
Campa R., Fourth Industrial Revolution and Emotional Intelligence: A Conceptual and Scientometric Analysis, “Changing Societies & Personalities” 2020, vol. 4(1), DOI: https://doi.org/10.15826/csp.2020.4.1.087.
Campa R., Still Think Robots Can’t Do Your Job? Essays on Automation and Technological Unemployment, Rome 2018.
Campa R., Technological Unemployment: A Brief History of an Idea, “Orbis Idearum. European Journal of the History of Ideas” 2018, vol. 6(2).
Campa R., Technological Unemployment and Universal Basic Income: A Scientometric Analysis, “Sociologies in Dialogue” 2019, vol. 5(1).
Campa R., Three Scenarios of the Future of Work: Technological Unemployment, Compensation, Hollowing Out, “Sociology and Technoscience” 2019, vol. 9(2), DOI: https://doi.org/10.24197/st.2.2019.140-154.
De Vroey M., Involuntary Unemployment: The Elusive Quest for a Theory, London–New York 2004, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203645505.
Douglas P.H., Are We Suffering from Technological Unemployment?, “Labor Bulletin. Illinois Department of Labor” 1928, vol. 7.
Engels F., Preface to the English Edition, [in:] K. Marx, Capital: A Critique of Political Economy, Book One: The Process of Production of Capital, London 1887.
Ford M., Rise of the Robots: Technology and the Threat of a Jobless Future, New York 2015.
Frey C.B., Osborne M.A., The Future of Employment: How Susceptible Are Jobs to Computerization, “Technological Forecasting & Social Change” 2017, vol. 114, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.08.019.
Galbraith J.K., The Ethical Rate of Unemployment: A Technical Note, “Journal of Economic Issues” 1998, vol. 32(2), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00213624.1998.11506061.
Gerdesmeier D., Price Stability: Why Is It Important for You?, Frankfurt am Main 2009.
Giugni M., Lorenzini J., Cinalli M., Lahusen C., Baglioni S., Young People and Long-Term Unemployment: Personal, Social, and Political Effects, London–New York 2021.
Hughes J. (ed.), Technological Unemployment and the Basic Income Guarantee, “Journal of Evolution and Technology” 2014, vol. 24(1).
International Federation of Robotics, Executive Summary World Robotics 2018 Industrial Robots, Frankfurt 2018.
International Federation of Robotics, Robot Density Rises Globally, Frankfurt 2018.
Kelso L.O., Adler M.J., The Capitalist Manifesto, New York 1958.
Keynes J.M., The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, London 1936.
Kieselbach T. (ed.), Youth Unemployment and Social Exclusion: Comparison of Six European Countries, Wiesbaden 2000, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-11899-2.
Krugman P., Sympathy for the Luddites, “New York Times”, 13.6.2013.
Kuczynski J., Technological Unemployment, [in:] Trade Unions Study Unemployment, Washington 1929.
Lahusen C., Giugni M. (ed.), Experiencing Long-Term Unemployment in Europe: Youth on the Edge, London 2016, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-50487-6.
Lodigiani R., Maino F., Minimum Income, Active Inclusion, and Work Requirements in Europe: Insights from Community Service Projects Introduced by Italian Citizenship Income, “Stato e mercato. Rivista quadrimestrale” 2022, no. 3.
Marx K., Capital: A Critique of Political Economy, Harmondsworth 1976.
McLaughlin E., Understanding Unemployment: New Perspectives on Active Labour Market Policies, London–New York 2002.
Merton R.K., Three Fragments from a Sociologist’s Notebooks: Establishing the Phenomenon, Specified Ignorance, and Strategic Research Materials, “Annual Review of Sociology” 1987, vol. 13, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.so.13.080187.000245.
Mlakar J.S. (ed.), Unemployment: A Closer Look, New York 2011.
Modigliani F., Papademos L., Targets for Monetary Policy in the Coming Year, “Brookings Papers on Economic Activity” 1975, no. 1, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2534063.
Norton M.I., Ariely D., Building a Better America – One Wealth Quintile at a Time, “Perspectives on Psychological Science” 2011, vol. 6(1), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691610393524.
Peters M.A., Jandrić P., Means A.J. (eds.), Education and Technological Unemployment, Singapore 2019, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6225-5.
Ricardo D., On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, Kitchener 2004.
Rousseau J.-J., Discourse on Political Economy and The Social Contract, Oxford 1999.
Schor J., Why Solving Climate Change Requires Working Less, [in:] Time on Our Side: Why We All Need a Shorter Working Week, eds. A. Coote, J. Franklin, London 2013.
Schumpeter J.A., History of Economic Analysis, London 2006, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203983911.
Smith A., An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, London 1998.
Steuart J., An Inquiry into the Principles of Political Economy, London 1767.
Stockhammer E., The Rise of Unemployment in Europe: A Keynesian Approach, Cheltenham–Northampton 2004, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781845421717.
Wicksell K., Lectures on Political Economy, London 1977.
Woirol G.R., The Technological Unemployment and Structural Unemployment Debates, Westport 1996.
World Economic Forum, The Future of Jobs Report 2018, Geneva 2018.
ONLINE SOURCES
Autor D., Salamon A., Is Automation Labor-Displacing? Productivity Growth, Employment, and the Labor Share, 27.2.2018, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/1_autorsalomons.pdf (access: 11.10.2025).
Bristow T., Bloom D., Elon Musk Hails Rishi Sunak’s ‘Essential’ Decision to Invite China to UK AI Summit, 2.11.2023, https://www.politico.eu/article/elon-musk-hails-rishi-sunaks-essential-decision-to-invite-china-to-uk-ai-summit (access: 17.10.2025).
Constantz J., Bloomberg, Over 4,000 Workers Have Lost Their Jobs to AI since May, Outplacement Firm Estimates – and That’s ‘Certainly Undercounting’, 8.2.2024, https://fortune.com/2024/02/08/how-many-workers-laid-off-because-of-ai (access: 17.10.2025).
Cooban A., This CEO Replaced 90% of Support Staff with an AI Chatbot, 12.7.2023, https://edition.cnn.com/2023/07/12/business/dukaan-ceo-layoffs-ai-chatbot (access: 17.10.2025).
Korn J., Elon Musk Sees an AI Future Where ‘No Job Is Needed’, 3.11.2023, https://edition.cnn.com/2023/11/02/tech/elon-musk-conversation-british-prime-minister-rishi-sunak-artificial-intelligence (access: 17.10.2025).
Landymore F., Sam Altman Warns That AI Is Gonna Destroy a Lot of People’s Jobs, 19.10.2023, https://futurism.com/the-byte/sam-altman-warns-ai-destroy-jobs (access: 17.10.2025).
Toh M., SAP Is Restructuring 8,000 Jobs as It Shifts Focus to AI, 24.1.2024, https://edition.cnn.com/2024/01/24/tech/sap-restructuring-ai-jobs-intl-hnk (access: 17.10.2025).
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2025.34.2.375-394
Data publikacji: 2025-10-06 00:20:58
Data złożenia artykułu: 2025-10-06 00:20:14
Statystyki
Wskaźniki
Odwołania zewnętrzne
- Brak odwołań zewnętrznych
Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Riccardo Campa
Powyższa praca jest udostępniana na lcencji Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.