Bishop of Würzburg Johann Philipp von Schönborn in Correspondence in the French Language of Charles II and James II Stuart from 1652–1673

Abstract

The Peace of Westphalia signed in 1648 did not end the war struggle in Western Europe. Until 1658, the Franco-Spanish war continued, and on the other side of the canal La Manche England was waged by a civil war. Later, under the authority of Oliver Cromwell, the country became embroiled in a conflict with the Netherlands (1652–1654), which was only a prelude to the subsequent wars between these countries. One of the key roles in the era of struggle with the Netherlands was played by the German Reich. One of the leading figures in German states was the bishop of Würzburg (archbishop of Mainz) Johann Philipp von Schönborn. French and Habsburg politicians took him into account in his political plans. The interest of the English diplomacy about his person is visible in correspondence of Charles II and James II Stuart. The analyzed correspondence emphasizes the role of Johann Philipp in English politics and diplomacy on the continent during in the years 1652–1673. He was informed about political events and diplomatic missions, at the same time asking for the involvement of the Bishop of Würzburg. He was supposed to support the representatives of the English king, offer advice and share his knowledge. The preserved letters testify that Schönborn played an important political role in the German Reich, he was an extremely influential person there, and his contacts reached not only Paris or Vienna, but also London.