Hide
Show all
Email this article Ecological Risk Associated with the Occurrence of Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soil in Soc Trang Province, Vietnam
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the content and potential ecological risks due to the presence of toxic elements (Pb, Cu, Cr, Zn, As) in agricultural soil in Soc Trang province. Data of five heavy metals and physical factors at eight sites (from D1 to D8) in three ecological zones (fresh, brackish and saline agricultural activities) in the study were collected from the Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Soc Trang province. Multivariate statistical analyzes, including principal component analysis (PCA), correlation analysis (Pearson), cluster analysis (CA) and potential ecological risk index (RI), were used in the study. The results showed that the content of Pb, Cu, Cr, Zn and As fluctuated in the range of 8.54–30, 21.90–28.10, 20.60–38.70, 46.80–86, 1.35–11.30 mg/kg, respectively, within the allowable limits of QCVN 03-MT:2015/BTNMT. The soil in the study area has moderate to neutral acidity, suitable for growing crops. The Pearson and PCA results showed that the inputs in local agricultural development (fertilizers, pesticides, fungicides, and herbicides) have contributed to the increase of heavy metal content in the soil. The results of the CA grouped eight soil samples into two large groups belonging to the ecological areas (brackish, saline) and freshwater. The mean RI value of 68.84 indicated low potential ecological risks in agricultural land in Soc Trang province. However, As and Cr are heavy metals that would pose significant potential risks to the environment and humans. Thus, measures are needed to strictly control the sources of these metals.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Baibotayeva, A., Kenzhaliyeva, G., Bosak, V., 2019. Influence of heavy metals (As, Pb, Cd) on the environment. Industrial Technology and Engineering, 2(31): 5–10.
Bhuiyan, M.A.H., Karmaker, S.C., Bodrud-Doza, M., Rakib, M.A., Saha, B.B., 2021. Enrichment, sources and ecological risk mapping of heavy metals in agricultural soils of Dhaka district employing SOM, PMF and GIS methods. Chemosphere, 263: 128339–128352.
Bhuiyan, M.A.H., Parvez, L., Islam, M.A., Dampare, S.B., Suzuki, S., 2010. Heavy metal pollution of coal mine-affected agricultural soils in the northern part of Bangladesh. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 173: 384–392.
Briffa, J., Sinagra, E., Blundell, R., 2020. Heavy metal pollution in the environment and their toxicological effects on humans. Heliyon, 6: e04691.
Cai, L., Xu, Z., Ren, M., Guo, Q., Hu, X., Hu, G., Wan, H., Peng, P., 2012. Source identification of eight hazardous heavy metals in agricultural soils of Huizhou, Guangdong Province, China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 78: 2–8.
Chau, N.N.B., Truyen, D.M., Loi, L.V., Dan., T.H., 2021. Evaluation of some indicators of soil environmental quality in freshwater farming models in the rainy season in Cu Lao Dung district – Soc Trang province. Scientific Journal of Can Tho University, 57(1): 8–13.
Dang, N.T., Hung, N.T., 1999. Textbook of Soil. Agricultural Publishing House, Hanoi.
Defarge, N., Vendômois, J.S.D., Séralini, G.E. (2018). Toxicity of formulants and heavy metals in glyphosate-based herbicides and other pesticides. Toxicology. Reports, 5: 156–163.
Du, P., Xie, Y., Wang, S., Zhao, H., Zhang, Z., Wu, B., Li, F., 20154. Potential sources of and ecological risks from heavy metals in agricultural soils, Daye City, China. Environment Sciences Pollution Research, 22: 3498–3507.
Giao, N.T., Dan, T.H. 2020. Heavy metal content in agricultural soil in Bac Lieu province. Journal of Soil Science, 61(3): 47–52.
Ha, N.N, Hanh, N.T., Thao, N.T., 2017. Evaluation of environmental quality of soil and vegetables grown according to organic agriculture model in Trac Haizz Van commune, Duy Tien district, Ha Nam. Science Journal of Vietnam National University, Hanoi: Earth and Environmental Sciences, 33(1S): 21–27.
Hakanson, L., 1980. An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control a sedimentological approach. Water Research, 14(8): 975–1001.
Hou, D., O’Connor, D., Nathanail, P., Tian, L., Ma, Y., 2017. Integrated GIS and multivariate statistical analysis for regional scale assessment of heavy metal soil contamination: A critical review. Environmental Pollution, 231(1): 1188–1200.
Huong, N.T.M., Quynh, L.T.P., Ngoc, N.T.B., Seilder, S., Kaendler, M., Thuy, D.T., 2012. Concentrations of some heavy metals in soil and water environment in agricultural areas (flowers – vegetables – fruit trees) in Phu Dien and Tay Tuu communes (Hanoi). Journal of Science and Technology, 50(4): 491–496.
Kaur, M., Kumar, A., Mehra, R., Kaur, I., 202019. Quantitative assessment of exposure of heavy metals in groundwater and soil on human health in Reasi district, Jammu and Kashmir. Environmental Geochemistry and Health,42: 77–94.
Khan, M.N., Wasim, A.A., Sarwar, A., Rasheed, M.F., 2011. Assessment of heavy metal toxicants in the roadside soil along the N-5, National Highway, Pakistan. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 182: 587–595.
Khoi, C.M., Dung, T.V., Linh, D.T.T., Khanh, T.H., Hoa, L.V., Nhien, C.T., 2020. Evaluation of some physical and chemical properties of the main soil groups in An Giang province. Scientific Journal of Can Tho University, 56(5B): 101–109.
Kowalska, J.B., Mazurek, R., Gąsiorek, M., Zaleski, T., 2018. Pollution indices as useful tools for the comprehensive evaluation of the degree of soil contamination – a review. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 40(6): 2395–2420.
Liu, C. W. Lin, K. H., Kuo, Y. M. 2003. Application of factor analysis in the assessment of groundwater quality in a blackfoot disease area in Taiwan. Science of the Total Environment, 313(1–3): 77–89.
Liu, L., Dong, L., Kong, Y., Zhou, M., Zhao, J., Tang, H., Zhang, Z., Wang, Z., 2020. Insights into the long-term pollution trends and sources contributions in Lake Taihu, China using multi-statistic analyses models. Chemosphere, 242: 125272.
Mamun, M., An, K., 2021. Application of multivariate statistical techniques and water quality index for the assessment of water quality and apportionment of pollution sources in the Yeongsan River, South Korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18: 8268–8290.
Micó, L., Recatalá, L., Peris, M., Sánchez, J., 2006. Assessment of heavy metal sources in agricultural soils of European Mediterranean area by multivariate analysis. Chemosphere, 65: 863–872.
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, 2015. QCVN 03-MT:2015/BTNMT national technical regulation on allowable limit of heavy metal content in soil. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Vietnam.
Mng’ong’o, M., Munishi, L.K., Ndakidemi, P.A., Blake, W., Comber, S., Hutchinson, T.H. (2021). Toxic metals in East African agro-ecosystems: Key risks for sustainable food production. Journal of Environmental Management, 294: 112973–112988.
Musa, J.J., Mustapha, H.I., Bala, J.D., Ibrahim, Y.Y., Akos, M.P., Daniel, E.S., Oguche, F.M., Kuti, I.A., 2017. Heavy metals in agricultural soils in Nigeria: A review. Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment, 13(5): 593–603.
Pathak, S. C., Ghosh, S. K., Palanisamy, K., 2000. The use of chemicals in aquaculture in India. The in use of chemicals in aquaculture in Asia: Proceedings of the meeting on the use of chemicals in aquaculture in Asia 20–22 May 1996, Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines, 87–112.
Qishlaqi, A., Moore, F., 2007. Statistical Analysis of Accumulation and Sources of Heavy Metals Occurrence in Agricultural Soils of Khoshk River Banks, Shiraz, Iran. American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture & Environmental Science, 2(5): 565–573.
Rezaei, A., Hassani, H., Jabbari, N., 20197. Evaluation of groundwater quality and assessment of pollution indices for heavy metals in North of Isfahan Province, Iran. Sustain. Water Resources Management, 5: 491–512.
Rostami, S., Kamani, H., Shahsavani, S., Hoseini, M., 2021. Environmental monitoring and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in farmland soils. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 27: 392–404.
Shan, Y., Tysklind, M., Hao, F., Ouyang, W., Chen, S., Lin, C., 2013. Identification of sources of heavy metals in agricultural soils using multivariate analysis and GIS. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 13: 720–729.
Srivastava, V., Sarkar, A., Singh, S., Singh, P., de Araujo, A.S.F., Singh, R.P., 2017. Agroecological responses of heavy metal pollution with special emphasis on soil health and plant performances. Frontiers in. Environmental. Science., 5: 1–19.
Tho, N., Khanh, D.N.N., Tu, T.T.K., 2017. The risk of acidification in organic shrimp model in Tam Giang commune, Nam Can district, Ca Mau province. Journal of Science and Technology Development, 20: 60–67.
Ve, N.B., 2013. Fertilize fruit trees. Proceedings of the National Conference “Improving the efficiency of fertilizer use and management in Vietnam”, 5(3): 252–265.
Vetrimurugan, E., Brindha, K., Elango, L., Ndwandwe, O.M., 2017. Human exposure risk to heavy metals through groundwater used for drinking in an intensively irrigated river delta. Applied Water Science, 7, 3267–3280.
Wu, J., Song, J., Li, W., Zheng, M., 2016. The accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural land and the associated potential ecological risks in Shenzhen, China. Environment Sciences Pollution Research, 23: 1428–1440.
Xia, F., Qu, L., Wang, T., Luo, L., Chen, H., Dahlgren, R.A., Zhang, M., Mei, K., Huang, H., 2018. Distribution and source analysis of heavy metal pollutants in sediments of a rapid developing urban river system. Chemosphere, 207, 218–228.
Zhang, W., Liu, X., Chengm H., Zeng, E. Y., Hu, Y., 2012. Heavy metal pollution in sediments of a typical mariculture zone in South China. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 64: 712–720.
Zhang, Z., Lu, Y., Li, H., Tu, Y., Liu, B., Yang, Z., 2018. Assessment of heavy metal contamination, distribution and source identification in the sediments from the Zijiang River, China. Science of Total Environment, 645: 235–243.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/pjss.2023.56.1.11-25
Date of publication: 2023-07-23 08:52:33
Date of submission: 2023-01-02 04:07:56
Statistics
Indicators
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2023 Nguyen Thanh Giao, Huynh Thi Hong Nhien
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.