How Do We Form Our Values and How Are Values Binding?

Abstract

The postmodern society is typified by the plurality of values and normative attitudes. With this axiological rainbow of the liberal society, conflicts are inevitable; these ultimately appear in debates over values. Where is the “binding force”, a guarantee of a normative stability of society, to be found? To answer this question, the essence of moral values must be understood and reiterated. The author seeks a definition of values in relation to action theory (aims, motivations, means and preferences). Thus defined, value becomes the starting point in the quest for a principle regulating conflicts of values, as well as a cornerstone for axiology understood as “the science of conflicts”. Formulating “the philosophical grammar of values” is a precondition for a pedagogic focus on values and a guarantee of axiological pluralism, which is the basis of liberal democracy.