Скрыть
Показать все
Отправить эту статью по почте What does the Internet tell the linguist about American democracy?
Аннотация
The concept closest to democracy is freedom. However, in contrast to freedom, democracy is a non-personal concept and totally belongs to the socio-political system. This is what emerges from the use of the word democracy (and related words) in all discourse types.
Citizens of the United States generally value democracy highly as a political. Americans are proud of the level of democracy in their country, although this assessment may vary. In the linguistic worldview of US residents, the concept of democracy is represented through oppositions: 1) positive/negative attitude towards democracy as a type of political system; 2) “good”/”bad” (“insufficient” or “excessive”) democracy; 3) ideal/real democracy. Currently, American society is highly polarized along party lines, and any contradiction “fits” into the conceptual grid of its two-party system associated with democratic (liberal) vs. republican (conservative) views.
Ключевые слова
Полный текст:
PDF (English)Литература
Adams, H. 2008. Democracy: An American Novel (1st ed. 1880). London: Penguin Classics.
Bartmin’skiy, Y. 2005. Yazykovoy obraz mira: ocherki po etnoligvistike. Moskva: Indrik.
Berkeley, J. 2017. Do social media threaten democracy? Economist, November 4. URL: https://www.economist.com/leaders/2017/11/04/do-social-media-threaten-democracy.
Benkler, Y., Faris, R., Roberts, H. 2018. Network Propaganda: Manipulation, Disinformation, and Radicalization in American Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Blashek, J., Haugh, Ch. 2020. Union: A Democrat, a Republican, and a Search for Common Ground. New York: Little, Brown and Company.
Drutman, L. 2020. Breaking the Two-Party Doom Loop: The Case for Multiparty Democracy in America. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
French, D. 2020. Divided We Fall: America's Secession Threat and How to Restore Our Nation. New York: St. Martin's Press.
Hegseth, P. 2020. American Crusade: Our Fight To Stay Free. New York: Center Street.
Kendzior, S. 2020. Hiding in Plain Sight: The Invention of Donald Trump and the Erosion of America. New York: MacMillan.
Levitsky, S.; Ziblatt, D. 2018. How Democracies Die. New York: Crown.
Łozowski, P. 2023. W poszukiwaniu źródeł konceptu demokracja w najwcześniejszych poświadczeniach słowa democracy. In: Leksykon aksjologiczny Słowian i ich sąsiadów. Tom 7 Demokracja (forthcoming).
Mcllwain, Ch. D. 2019. Black Software: The Internet Racial Justice, from the AfroNet to Black Lives Matter. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Niebrzegowska-Bartmińska, S. 2020. Definiowanie i profilowanie pojęć w (etno)lingwistyce. Lublin: Wydawnictwo UMCS.
Rudenka, A. 2018. Research on (linguistic) worldview in the USA. In: Wartości w językowokulturowym obrazie świata Słowian i ich sąsiadów. 4. Słownik językowy – leksykon – encyklopedia w programie badań porównawczych. Ed. S. NiebrzegowskaBartmińska, J. Szadura, and B. Żywicka. 105–114. Lublin: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej.
Rudenko, Y. 2019. Stereotip dемоkratia no dannym belorusskogo i amerykanskogo angliyskogo yazykov (predvarytel’nye rezul’taty). In: Wartości w językowokulturowym obrazie świata Słowian i ich sąsiadów, t. 5, Koncepty i ich profilowanie. Ed. S. NiebrzegowskaBartmińska and D. Pazio-Wlazłowska. 223–234. Lublin: Wydawnictwo UMCS.
Taibbi, M. 2021. Why Today’s Media Makes Us Despise One Another. New York: OR Books.
Tocqueville, A. 2002. Democracy in America (De La Démocratie en Amérique. 1st ed. V.1 – 1835, v. 2 – 1840). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Wehner, P. 2019. The Death of Politics: How to Heal Our Frayed Republic After Trump. San Francisco: Harper Collins.
Wilentz, S. 2005. The Rise of American Democracy: Jefferson to Lincoln. New York: Norton.
Wike, R., Silver, L., Fetterolf, J., Huang, Ch., Austin, S., Clancy, L., Gubbala S. 2022. Social media seen as mostly good for democracy across many nations, but US is a major outlier. The Report of Pew Research Center, December 06, 2022. URL: https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2022/12/06/social-media-seen-as-mostly-good-for-democracy-across-many-nations-but-u-s-is-a-major-outlier/.
Wright, F. 1829. Course of popular lectures as delivered by Frances Wright. New York: Office of the Free Enquirer (https://archive.org/details/courseofpopularl00wrigrich/page/n5/mode/2up).
Online-Dictionaries Corpora
American National Corpus. URL: http://americannationalcorpus.org
Bank of English. URL: http://www.collinslanguage.com/content-solutions/wordbanks
Cambridge Essential American English Dictionary. URL: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/essential-american-english/democracy
Collins Online Dictionary. URL: https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/democracy
Corpus of Contemporary American English – COCA. URL: http://corpus.byu.edu/coca
Corpus of Historical American English – COHA. URL: http://corpus.byu.edu/coha
English Synonym Dictionary / Semantic Atlas. URL: http://dico.isc.cnrs.fr/dico/en
English Synonym Dictionary Reverso. URL: http:// dictionary.reverso.net/english-synonyms
Internet-thesaurus. URL: http://thesaurus.com
Longman AE – Longman Advanced American Dictionary. URL: http://longmanusahome.com/dictionaries/advanced.php
Merriam Webster Online Dictionary. URL: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/democracy
Nelson, D.L., McEvoy, C.L., Schreiber, T.A. 1998. The University of South Florida word association, rhyme, and word fragment norms. URL: http://w3.usf.edu/FreeAssociation/AppendixA/Cue_Target_Pairs.D-F.
Online OXFORD Collocation Dictionary. URL: https://www.freecollocation.com/search?word=democracy
Semantic Atlas. URL: http://www.atlas-semantiques.eu/?l=EN
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/et.2023.35.261
Date of publication: 2023-08-31 13:19:53
Date of submission: 2023-02-18 12:50:22
статистика
показатели
Ссылки
- На текущий момент ссылки отсутствуют.
(c) 2023
Это произведение доступно по лицензии Creative Commons «Attribution» («Атрибуция») 4.0 Всемирная.